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ALL KINDS OF PUMPS

Have you ever wondered how many types of pumps exist and what are their features?

Pumps are operating machines for moving liquids or gases, thanks to some mechanical parts that are powered by rotary or alternative rectilinear motion.

Nowadays they are widely used in different industry fields, but they already exist since the III century B.C., thanks to Archimedes, who invented the famous Archimedes’ screw, which was able to move big quantities of fluid and it’s still used for the water’s purification.

Jaes, leader in the industrial spare parts supply for more than 10 years offers in its catalogue any kind of pump from the leading manufacturers.

Pumps can be classified in many ways, but usually, they are divided in:
• Fluid dynamic or hydraulic: When a hydraulic pump operates, it creates a vacuum at the pump inlet, which forces liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line to the pump and by mechanical action delivers this liquid to the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic system
• Infusion: the liquid is pumped through for a variation in the chamber volume.

The first type needs to be consistently fueled with energy to be operated, in order to increase the fluid’s speed inside the pump to higher levels compared to the outlet.

Fluid-dynamic pumps can be classified in:

• Centrifugal pumps: they are the most common type among fluid-dynamic pumps. This kind of pump uses the centrifugal force of the rotor to move the liquid, by transforming the mechanical energy coming from its motor into kinetic energy and later into pressure energy. They are employed for both industry and domestic use and they can be classified in two types basing on their construction: with a cantilever impeller and with the double support impeller

Centrifugal pumps, depending on the drive shaft’s arrangement that moves the impeller, are distinguished in horizontal axis pumps and vertical axis pumps. Also, they are classified basing on the direction of the flow: radial if the outlet is orthogonal to the suction or axial if the outlet and the suction are on the same axis.

Centrifugal pumps are also classified by the number of rotors they have. They can be single-stage or multistage pumps.

According to the fuel they are using, they are distinguished in electric pumps, if they require electric energy to work, or motor pumps, if they’re fueled by petrol.

• Turbopumps: designed to increase the pressure of a liquid or a gas, in order to improve the power or the performances of a motor through a sort of rotodynamic pump combined with a triggering turbine. Almost all of them are built following an axial or centrifugal design.
Volumetric pumps, instead, add energy periodically. They exploit the change of the volume in a chamber to cause a suction or a push on the fluid.

They can be classified in:
• Rotary pumps: they are volumetric pumps made of a chamber that contains gears, lobes, vanes, or similar elements, guided by a rotating shaft, which characterize the most common type: lobe pumps, vane pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps.
• Alternative pumps: in this kind of pump the change of volume is obtained with an alternating sliding piston inside a cylinder that forces the fluid to slide in one direction only and that prevent the backflow during the return of the piston

They can be divided in single-acting pumps, if the piston slides in one direction, or double-acting pumps, if the piston slides in both directions.

Alternative volumetric pumps can also be divided into:
• Suction pumps: where the piston produces a vacuum that makes the liquid to lift along a tube. The fluid is then expelled from the pump at ambient pressure conditions.
• Force pumps: the fluid enters the cylinder at ambient pressure and it’s lifted for the effect of the pressure
• Suction and force pumps which integrate both functions

We have analyzed all kinds of pumps on the market, their characteristics, and where they need to be used.

Did you already know them? Let us know in the comments.

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